Location:
The Indian peninsula is separated from
mainland Asia by the Himalayas. The
Country is surrounded by the Bay of
Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea
in the west, and the Indian Ocean to
the south.
Geographic Coordinates:
Lying entirely in the Northern Hemisphere,
the Country extends between 8° 4'
and 37° 6' latitudes north of the
Equator, and 68°7' and 97°25'
longitudes east of it.
Indian Standard
Time: GMT + 05:30
Area: 3.3
Million sq km
Telephone Country
Code: +91
Border Countries:
Afghanistan and Pakistan to the north-west;
China, Bhutan and Nepal to the north;
Myanmar to the east; and Bangladesh
to the east of West Bengal. Sri Lanka
is separated from India by a narrow
channel of sea, formed by Palk Strait
and the Gulf of Mannar.
Coastline:
7,516.6 km encompassing the mainland,
Lakshadweep Islands, and the Andaman
& Nicobar Islands.
Climate:
The climate of India can broadly be
classified as a tropical monsoon one.
But, in spite of much of the northern
part of India lying beyond the tropical
zone, the entire country has a tropical
climate marked by relatively high temperatures
and dry winters. There are four seasons
- winter (December-February), (ii) summer
(March-June), (iii) south-west monsoon
season (June-September), and (iv) post
monsoon season (October- November).
Terrain:
The mainland comprises of four regions,
namely the great mountain zone, plains
of the Ganga and the Indus, the desert
region, and the southern peninsula.
Natural Resources:
Coal, iron ore, manganese ore,
mica, bauxite, petroleum, titanium ore,
chromite, natural gas, magnesite, limestone,
arable land, dolomite, barytes, kaolin,
gypsum, apatite, phosphorite, steatite,
fluorite, etc.
Natural Hazards:
Monsoon floods, flash floods, earthquakes,
droughts, and landslides.
Environment -
Current Issues: Air pollution
control, energy conservation, solid
waste management, oil and gas conservation,
forest conservation, etc.
Environment -
International Agreements: Rio
Declaration on environment and development,
Cartagena Protocol on biosafety, Kyoto
Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on climatic change, World
Trade Agreement, Helsinki Protocol to
LRTAP on the reduction of sulphur emissions
of nitrogen oxides or their transboundary
fluxes (Nox Protocol), and Geneva Protocol
to LRTAP concerning the control of emissions
of volatile organic compounds or their
transboundary fluxes (VOCs Protocol).
Geography - Note:
India occupies a major portion
of the south Asian subcontinent.
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Population:
India's population, as on 1 March
2001 stood at 1,028 million (532.1 million
males and 496.4 million females).
Population Growth
Rate: The average annual exponential
growth rate stands at 1.93 per cent during
1991-2001.
Birth Rate:
The Crude Birth rate according to the
2001 census is 24.8
Death Rate:
The Crude Death rate according to the
2001 census is 8.9
Life Expectancy
Rate: 63.9 years (Males); 66.9
years (Females) (As of Sep 2005)
Sex Ratio:
933 according to the 2001 census
Nationality:
Indian
Ethnic Groups:
All the five major racial types
- Australoid, Mongoloid, Europoid, Caucasian,
and Negroid find representation among
the people of India.
Religions:
According to the 2001 census, out of the
total population of 1.028 million in the
Country, Hindus constituted the majority
with 80.5 %, Muslims came second at 13.4%,
followed by Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists,
Jains, and others.
Languages:
22 languages have been recognized
by the Constitution of India, of which
Hindi is the official national language.
Besides these, there are 844 different
dialects that are practiced in various
parts of the Country.
Literacy:
According to the provisional results of
the 2001 census, the literacy rate in
the Country stands at 64.84 per cent,
75.26% for males and 53.67% for females. |
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Country
Name: Republic of India; Bharat
Government Type:
Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic
with a Parliamentary system of Government.
Capital:
New Delhi
Administrative
Divisions: 28 States and 7
Union Territories.
Independence:
15th August 1947 (From the
British Colonial Rule)
Constitution:
The Constitution of India came into force
on 26th January 1950.
Legal System:
The Constitution of India is the fountain
source of the legal system in the Country.
Executive Branch:
The President of India is the
Head of the State, while the Prime Minister
is the Head of the Government, and runs
office with the support of the Council
of Ministers who form the Cabinet Ministry.
Legislative Branch:
The Indian Legislature comprises of the
Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the
Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming
both the Houses of the Parliament.
Judicial Branch:
The Supreme Court of India is the apex
body of the Indian legal system, followed
by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.
Flag Description:
The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour
of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top,
white in the middle, and dark green at
the bottom in equal proportion. At the
centre of the white band is a navy blue
wheel, which is a representation of the
Ashoka Chakra at Sarnath.
National Days:
26th January (Republic Day)
15th August (Independence Day)
2nd October (Gandhi Jayanti; Mahatma Gandhi's
Birthday) |
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Economy
- Overview:
Half a Century after gaining its independence,
India has overcome all odds and achieved
phenomenal standards of economic stability,
courtesy the indomitable contributions
of various sectors such as agriculture,
tourism, commerce, power, communications,
science & technology, etc., which
have acted as the pillars of the Indian
economy. India is today one of the six
fastest growing economies of the world.
The country is ranked fourth in terms
of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in 2001.
The business and regulatory environment
is evolving and moving towards constant
improvement.
GDP - Real Growth
Rate: The second quarter (July-September)
of the financial year 2005-06 registers
a growth rate of 8 percent.
GDP - Purchasing
Power Parity: India is the
fourth largest economy, with US$ 3 trillion
GDP in terms of Purchasing Power Parity
(PPP) after USA, China, and Japan.
GDP - Per Capita:
As of September 2005, the GDP per capita
of the Country stood at US$ 543.
GDP - Composition
by Sector: Services 56%, Agriculture
22%, and Industry 22% (As of September
2005).
Labour Force:
According to the Report of the Committee
on India Vision: 2020, India's labour
force has reached approximately 375 million
in 2002.
Unemployment Rate:
9.1% (As of Sep 2005)
Population below
Poverty Line: 26.10% as on
1999-2000
Inflation Rate:
4.1% as on July 2005.
Public Debt:
The total Debt as on 31st March 2002 stands
at Rs. 1372117.58 crores.
Exchange Rates:
Check
RBI website for daily exchange rates.
Agriculture Products:
Rice, wheat, tea, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes,
jute, oilseed, poultry, etc.
Industries: Steel,
garments, petroleum, cement, machinery,
locomotive, food processing, pharmaceutical
products, mining, etc.
Currency (Code):
Indian Rupee (INR)
Fiscal Year:
1st April to 31st March.
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